Od Drugog svetskog rata do danas Zavod za statistiku beleži drastičan pad broja živorođenih beba – sa 160.000 na 60.000. Posledica je sve manji broj žena koje su u periodu kada mogu da zatrudne, ali i onih koje se odlučuje da rađaju. Godišnje se gubi oko 40.000 ljudi – u periodu pandemije taj broj je veći.
Svesni velikog problema, država najavljuje nove podsticaje nataliteta – izmenu zakona o trudnicama i porodiljama i čak pet puta veća davanja za rođenje deteta.
Slika iz Tašmajdanskog parka u Beogradu, nažalost ne odgovara demografskoj slici Srbije. Ni statistika se ne podudara sa odgovorima koje smo dobili od pojedinih roditelja, osim u delu da se parovi sa dvoje dece lakše odlučuju za treće i četvrto.
Gde je prvo tu je i drugo – više je fraza nego realnost. Tu se beleži najveći pad.
Kao glavni razlog zašto se ne odlučuju za više dece anketirani roditelji navode društvene, poslovne i finansijske razloge.
Pre dve decenije, 25-ogodišnjakinje su rađale oko 30 hiljada beba godišnje, a prošle godine 12 hiljada. U istom periodu udvostručio se broj beba čije su majke starije od 40. Šta su razlozi?
“Pored mera finansijske prirode, treba ponuditi mladim ljudima da imaju širi spektar tih pogodnosti, mera i da oni prosto imaju mogućnost biranja. Nekome nije bitan taj finansijski momenat, ali je zato jako bitna mogućnost usklađivanja rada i roditeljstva”, rekla je Gordana Bjelobrk iz Republičkog zavoda za statistiku.
Iako je natalitet višedecenijski problem – demografi kažu da bi svaka žena u reproduktivnom periodu trebalo da rodi četvoro dece – realnost je da će uspeh biti da ostanemo na istom. Statistika, međutim, pokazuje da je i to nemoguće. A šta je moguće?
“Na ljudima koji se bave malim bebama je da stalno ohrabruju majku, bravo, svaka čast, beba vam je mnogo lepa, pa da rodite još jedno kad ovako lepu decu rađate. I to je naravno dobar put, ali pravi put za rađanje više beba je odgovarajući socijalni program društva za koji ja mislim da ga nema”, rekao je pedijatar, neonatolog Dragomir Branković.
Svaki peti stanovnik u Srbiji stariji je od 65 godina, a tek svaki sedmi mlađi od 14.
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